X-Ray Exam

Definition

The X-Ray Exam is the baseline Non-Intrusive Inspection (NII) used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). It serves as an initial security screening method, utilizing high-resolution imaging to verify the contents of a shipping container against its manifest, ensuring there are no undeclared or prohibited items. This process is often referred to interchangeably as an NII or a Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System (VACIS) exam.

Core Process

If U.S. Customs selects a container for an X-ray exam, the process is straightforward, designed for efficiency at the ocean terminal:

• CBP selects the container based on risk assessment criteria and targeting protocols.

• The container is pulled from its stack and driven through a specialized X-ray or imaging portal at the terminal facility.

• A customs officer analyzes the generated X-ray images.

• Outcome: Based on the review, the officer either releases the container for drayage or escalates the procedure to a more intensive scrutiny, such as a Tail Gate Exam or a full Intensive Exam, if anomalies or discrepancies are found.

Expert Advice and Timelines

While the physical X-ray scan is quick, the overall time added to a shipment’s schedule is dependent on port logistics and resource availability.

• Typical Duration: X-ray exams generally take 1 to 3 days from the time the container is pulled to its final release.

• Congestion Impact: During periods of high volume or severe port congestion, these timelines may be extended as terminal operators manage the movement of containers to and from the inspection site.

• Key Takeaway: Ensure all required paperwork (including the ISF and detailed manifests) is accurate and transmitted early. Proactive compliance is the best defense against triggering even the least intensive Customs exams.