Definition
The Peak Season Surcharge (PSS) is a fluctuating, supplementary fee levied by shipping lines and air cargo carriers when market demand significantly exceeds available capacity. While the term suggests seasonal application, PSS can technically be applied at any time the carrier deems necessary due to heavy utilization or congestion, making it a critical budgeting factor.
Core Function and Timing
PSS functions as a mechanism for carriers to capture premium pricing during periods of immense pressure on equipment, space, and staffing.
• Common PSS periods include the run-up to the fall/winter holiday shopping season (Q3/Q4) and the weeks preceding Chinese New Year (CNY), when shippers rush to move goods before factory closures.
• PSS is announced as an additional flat fee per container (TEU/FEU) or per weight/volume unit, added directly to the base freight rate.
• It operates similarly to a General Rate Increase (GRI), but is often more targeted toward specific trade lanes experiencing immediate peak pressure.
• Crucially, carriers may announce a PSS and then subsequently cancel or reduce the fee based on market response or negotiation.
Expert Advice
Effective management of PSS requires proactive market intelligence and flexibility in booking strategies.
• Monitor PSS announcements closely, as implementation dates and amounts are often subject to last-minute changes or cancellations.
• Utilize flexible booking cutoff dates. Booking slightly outside the traditional peak window, if inventory allows, can often mitigate or avoid the surcharge entirely.
• Factor in potential PSS amounts when developing annual freight budgets. Assume that PSS will apply during traditional peak times and budget for the announced maximum amount.
Key Takeaways
• PSS is a variable fee applied by carriers during periods of high demand.
• Primary peaks occur before major holidays and Chinese New Year.
• Always verify if announced PSS rates will hold before finalizing booking.
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